This assessment is not based on the future but the past. Not only will so many technological leaps take place, but the sustainability and efficiency will increase too, mostly learning from Nature. Fusion and space based solar have great potential. Also, not all copper mining needs to be in a pit since humanity has millions of kilometers of copper pipes for gas delivery and the US penny can even be “mined.” Asteroids between Mars and Jupiter can also be mined by autonomous robots. Not so we can have more, more, more but so we can have a good life that doesn’t degrade the world. That’s more of a mental endeavor than a physical one.